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NATIONAL-PATRIOTIC UPBRINGING THROUGH TEACHING ELEMENTS OF UKRAINIAN POETRY

The article attempts to analyze the effectiveness of the influence of the ability to compose poetic lines on the national-patriotic upbringing of the younger generation, describes the elements of Ukrainian poetic art and recommends interesting methods of teaching poetry.
Keywords: elementary theory of poetry, stanza, rhyme, poem, methodological methods of teaching poetry.

Pokhilyuk O. M.
Candidate of Philological Sciences,
Municipal Institution of Higher Education “Vinnytsia Humanitarian and Pedagogical College”, Vinnytsia, Ukraine

10.34142//2708-4809.SIUTY.2022.123

Poems are the result of creative activity, artistic language organized in a certain way, a special emotionally colored form of expression. A poem is often understood as a sequence of words characterized by rhythm and consonance.

The purpose of the article is to provide methodological recommendations for teaching poetry composition in the spiritual and patriotic upbringing of the younger generation based on the analysis of elements of Ukrainian poetic art and techniques of composing poetic lines.

To understand how to compose poetry, you need to know the basic rules. An important feature of poetry is the presence of rhyme. It is most often based on consonance in the endings of words. When writing, you need to adhere to the poetic size and structure of stanzas. This is a certain order in which stressed and unstressed syllables are placed in a foot. For people who know how to compose a poem, it is quite obvious that it is very important to stick to the same rhythm so as not to stray from it.

Also, when writing a poem, you need to pay special attention to the structure. A stanza is a certain number of lines united by a common rhyme. As a rule, each stanza is a complete semantic unit and consists of one or more complete sentences. The most commonly used stanzas are those consisting of four lines. The most common are parallel and cross rhyming. In the first case, the first and third, second and fourth lines rhyme with each other. In the second case, the first and second, third and fourth lines rhyme.

In other words, poems are emotions dressed up in words. Here are some tips that will help you understand how to compose poetry. First, it is recommended that you decide on a topic, formulate the main thought and idea that you want to reflect in the work. Then you need to choose the rhythm and size. For some people, it is much easier to compose poems to given rhymes. The rhythm should match the theme, mood, and emotional state.

An important point is the presence of imagination, so you need to try to abstract from the surrounding reality or, conversely, immerse yourself in it if the lyrics require it. In order to understand how to compose poetry, a person must be able to observe, notice and highlight everything interesting, bright, impressive, and be able to choose expressive words.

When the basis is ready, you can start creating a poem, transforming a spiritual impulse into a logical work.

Some time after writing a work, it is important to look at it from the outside, to evaluate and correct it. This should be done by the authors themselves. Composed poems should be harmonious and emotional. The result should be a high-quality product of poetic creativity, created with the help of emotional perception and logical comprehension and based on scientific knowledge of the technique of poetry.

Not everyone can learn to write poetry. It is often said that poets are born and that no amount of training can help. It is known that there are innate features of sensory perception that contribute to success in poetic activity. But at the same time, it is believed that many people have such a giftedness. The main evidence is that most children and adolescents are drawn to writing poetry. But with age, this urge weakens or disappears altogether. In any case, learning to make rhymes should begin at an early age.

A child’s first acquaintance with poetry occurs in early preschool. From birth, the baby hears the first poetic works. As a rule, these are folk poems: lullabies, nursery rhymes, etc. The child is not yet able to understand the meaning, but he or she is already getting acquainted with the beauty of the native language, its melody, and learning to feel rhyme and meter. Then they get acquainted with children’s poems. For the first meeting with poetry, you should choose only good, high-quality works.

The benefits of learning to poetry can be summarized as follows:

1) the child will better understand word formation and be able to freely compose sentences, including complex ones;
2) the child will appreciate and love his/her native language;
3) children are more likely to cooperate with their parents (caregivers, teachers) during such educational games: finding a rhyme to a word is a difficult but very interesting activity;
4) searching for rhymes will develop a child’s imagination and logical thinking, strengthen and improve his or her memory, and have a positive impact on his or her education.

Practical “find the rhyme” tasks are also necessary for a child because:

1) the child will be happy and satisfied, as the new words are presented in an interesting and informative way for child psychology;
2) the child’s thinking develops while doing the exercises – finding a rhyme to the words;
3) reflecting on new words heard in the poems and combining them (rhyming words) develops the child’s horizons;
4) the more and more often a child hears rhyming lines, the earlier and more vividly he will express his thoughts and develop his imagination.

The little person will develop the ability to feel the beauty, to appreciate beauty, no matter how it manifests itself – in poems, words or in the world around him or her, which in turn is reflected in simple and easy rhymes. Later, the child will be interested in finding a rhyme to a word on their own, outside of class.

To help your child learn to write poetry, we recommend several exercises. For example, a rhyme game. The mother, reading a familiar rhyme, stops at the end of the line, allowing the child to finish it and say a familiar word. With age, when the child’s vocabulary becomes wider, the rhyme game is played in a similar way, with the only difference being that unfamiliar works are selected. It is important that the words are understandable to the child, and the consonances are simple and easy to guess. For the same purposes, riddles in poetic form, where the guesses are rhymed, are perfect. Such activities will encourage the young poet to create his own work.

In order to gain more experience and practice writing poetry, there is a literary game called burime. The essence of it is that you have to compose poems to given rhymes. They try to choose words that are difficult to combine, sometimes even unexpected. In rare cases, they are allowed to be declined or swapped. Sometimes the task is further complicated by reference to a particular theme. Most often, the works are light and humorous. The game is suitable for people of all ages.

Another game of rhymes is also interesting and exciting. Players write down the same word, and then within 3-5 minutes, each one selects rhymes for that word. The winner is the one who writes the most rhyming words. You should choose a noun or adjective, not a verb, because it is easier to rhyme a verb.

When writing a poem, it’s important to remember that every rhyme should be original. If you suddenly can’t find consonant words, you should rephrase the sentence and swap the lines. As for the verse size and structure of stanzas, the author has the right to choose what suits his or her wishes and mood.

For those who don’t know how to compose a poem but really want to learn, there are a lot of programs and websites that help. Using them, you can choose a consonant word, find flaws and mistakes in your works.

When we compose poetry ourselves, we enrich our inner world. At the very beginning of poetic creativity, you can resort to the help of such resources and programs, but you should not abuse them in the future. After all, every author should have his or her own unique style, and not use template blanks.

So, it’s hard to explain how to compose poetry to someone who has never done it before. Therefore, the best advice we can give is to just take a pen and a piece of paper and try to create your first poem.

List of references

1. Dombrovsky V. Ukrainian stylistics and rhythm. Ukrainian poetics. Drohobych: Renaissance, 2008. 488 с.
2. Pokhilyuk O. M. Elementary theory of poetry. Vinnytsia: Works, 2022. 100 с.
3. Dictionary-guide of literary terms / ed. O. Bobyr, V. Budennyi, O. Mamchych, N. Nikitina ; edited by O. Bobyr. Chernihiv : Lozovyi V. M., 2016. 132 с.
4. Tkachenko A. The Art of the Word: Introduction to Literary Studies: a textbook for students of humanities specialties of higher education institutions. 2nd edition, revised and supplemented. Kyiv: VPC “Kyiv University”, 2003. 448 с.